HISTORICAL · DECIMAL SIGN-VALUES

Coptic epact

Cursive number signs from Coptic-Arabic manuscripts.

Convert numbers
Place
Egypt
Period / variant
Tenth century onward
EXAMPLES

205 · Decimal sign-values

Two hundred followed by five; an explicit proposal example.

Worked example

Write 205 in Coptic epact

Write the larger values first, from left to right. Each sign carries its own value; add the groups.

  1. Write this sign for 200. Its value is 200 by itself.

  2. Write this sign for 5. Its value is 5 by itself.

Check

200 + 5 = 205

Sources and notation notes

Pandey: Coptic epact encoding proposal

Meet the symbols

Each tile shows a sign and what it means. A sign can stand for a whole amount, such as 10 or 100.

  • 1
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  • 5
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  • 9
  • 10
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  • 80
  • 90
  • 100
  • 200
  • 300
  • 400
  • 500
  • 600
  • 700
  • 800
  • 900

How the symbols fit together

Each sign names a whole amount, such as five, twenty, or two hundred. Add the signs to get the number.

  1. There are separate signs for 1–9, 10–90, and 100–900. A two-hundred sign already means 200.
  2. For 205, read the two-hundred sign first: it contributes 200.
  3. Read the five sign next: it contributes 5. Add 200 + 5 = 205.
  4. There are no tens to add, so no tens sign is written. No zero placeholder is needed. Read the signs from left to right, largest first.

25 in Coptic epact

Twenty followed by five; an explicit proposal example.

205 in Coptic epact

Two hundred followed by five; an explicit proposal example.

250 in Coptic epact

Two hundred followed by fifty; an explicit proposal example.

The converter covers 1–999. Larger quantities use a sublinear thousands mark, and manuscripts can add a wavy number mark above the sequence. Those extensions and historical fraction forms are not implemented here.

History

Epact numerals developed in the Coptic-Arabic community and appear in astronomical and administrative manuscripts. Their forms derive from cursive Coptic letters, but constitute a distinct number repertoire rather than the ordinary Coptic alphabetic numeral convention.

How to read it

Each sign names a whole amount, such as five, twenty, or two hundred. Add the signs to get the number.

  1. There are separate signs for 1–9, 10–90, and 100–900. A two-hundred sign already means 200.
  2. For 205, read the two-hundred sign first: it contributes 200.
  3. Read the five sign next: it contributes 5. Add 200 + 5 = 205.
  4. There are no tens to add, so no tens sign is written. No zero placeholder is needed. Read the signs from left to right, largest first.

Limits

The converter covers 1–999. Larger quantities use a sublinear thousands mark, and manuscripts can add a wavy number mark above the sequence. Those extensions and historical fraction forms are not implemented here.

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